树莓派3-SD卡格式化-linux下格式化SD卡

格式化前准备

一张Miscro SD卡
读卡器
电脑，安装Linxu系统

格式化步骤

Linux下将SDCard格式化成Fat32文件系统。用fdisk命令，需要root权限，或者sudo。
插上SDCard卡，执行如下命令fdisk -l 查看分区情况：

#fdisk -l  
Disk /dev/sdb: 8054 MB, 8054112256 bytes  
49 heads, 29 sectors/track, 11070 cylinders, total 15730688 sectors  
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes  
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
Disk identifier: 0x00000000  
  
Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System  
/dev/sdb1            8192    15730687     7861248    b  W95 FAT32

目前分区为FAT32，再重复一次格式化，执行fdisk /dev/sdb1。删除分区，再重新分配

#fdisk /dev/sdb1  
Command (m for help): d  
No partition is defined yet!  
  
Command (m for help): p  
  
Disk /dev/sdb1: 8049 MB, 8049917952 bytes  
248 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1022 cylinders, total 15722496 sectors  
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes  
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
Disk identifier: 0x00000000  
  
     Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System  
  
Command (m for help): n  
Partition type:  
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)  
   e   extended  
Select (default p): p  
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1  
First sector (2048-15722495, default 2048):   
Using default value 2048  
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-15722495, default 15722495):   
Using default value 15722495

查看分区信息，执行命令p

Command (m for help): p  
  
Disk /dev/sdb1: 8049 MB, 8049917952 bytes  
248 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1022 cylinders, total 15722496 sectors  
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes  
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
Disk identifier: 0x00000000  
  
     Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System  
/dev/sdb1p1            2048    15722495     7860224   83  Linux

目前分区为Linux，转换成FAT32, 执行命令t, 选择1，执行命令p，再查看分区信息

Command (m for help): t  
Selected partition 1  
Hex code (type L to list codes): l //attention!This is L! Not number 1.  
  
 0  Empty           24  NEC DOS         81  Minix / old Lin bf  Solaris          
 1  FAT12           27  Hidden NTFS Win 82  Linux swap / So c1  DRDOS/sec (FAT-  
 2  XENIX root      39  Plan 9          83  Linux           c4  DRDOS/sec (FAT-  
 3  XENIX usr       3c  PartitionMagic  84  OS/2 hidden C:  c6  DRDOS/sec (FAT-  
 4  FAT16 <32M      40  Venix 80286     85  Linux extended  c7  Syrinx           
 5  Extended        41  PPC PReP Boot   86  NTFS volume set da  Non-FS data      
 6  FAT16           42  SFS             87  NTFS volume set db  CP/M / CTOS / .  
 7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d  QNX4.x          88  Linux plaintext de  Dell Utility     
 8  AIX             4e  QNX4.x 2nd part 8e  Linux LVM       df  BootIt           
 9  AIX bootable    4f  QNX4.x 3rd part 93  Amoeba          e1  DOS access       
 a  OS/2 Boot Manag 50  OnTrack DM      94  Amoeba BBT      e3  DOS R/O          
 b  W95 FAT32       51  OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f  BSD/OS          e4  SpeedStor        
 c  W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52  CP/M            a0  IBM Thinkpad hi eb  BeOS fs          
 e  W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53  OnTrack DM6 Aux a5  FreeBSD         ee  GPT              
 f  W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54  OnTrackDM6      a6  OpenBSD         ef  EFI (FAT-12/16/  
10  OPUS            55  EZ-Drive        a7  NeXTSTEP        f0  Linux/PA-RISC b  
11  Hidden FAT12    56  Golden Bow      a8  Darwin UFS      f1  SpeedStor        
12  Compaq diagnost 5c  Priam Edisk     a9  NetBSD          f4  SpeedStor        
14  Hidden FAT16 <3 61  SpeedStor       ab  Darwin boot     f2  DOS secondary    
16  Hidden FAT16    63  GNU HURD or Sys af  HFS / HFS+      fb  VMware VMFS      
17  Hidden HPFS/NTF 64  Novell Netware  b7  BSDI fs         fc  VMware VMKCORE   
18  AST SmartSleep  65  Novell Netware  b8  BSDI swap       fd  Linux raid auto  
1b  Hidden W95 FAT3 70  DiskSecure Mult bb  Boot Wizard hid fe  LANstep          
1c  Hidden W95 FAT3 75  PC/IX           be  Solaris boot    ff  BBT              
1e  Hidden W95 FAT1 80  Old Minix        
Hex code (type L to list codes): b  
Changed system type of partition 1 to b (W95 FAT32)  
  
Command (m for help): p  
  
Disk /dev/sdb1: 8049 MB, 8049917952 bytes  
248 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1022 cylinders, total 15722496 sectors  
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes  
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
Disk identifier: 0x00000000  
  
Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System  
/dev/sdb1p1            2048    15722495     7860224    b  W95 FAT32

需要将新的分区写入到sdcard，使用w命令

Command (m for help): w  
The partition table has been altered!  
  
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.  
  
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 22: Invalid argument.  
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at  
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)  
  
WARNING: If you have created or modified any DOS 6.x  
partitions, please see the fdisk manual page for additional  
information.  
Syncing disks.  
  
  
mkfs.vfat /dev/sdb1  
mkfs.vfat 3.0.12 (29 Oct 2011)  
mkfs.vfat: /dev/sdb1 contains a mounted file system.

至此完成整个格式化

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